Category Archives: The Writing Life

The Write Life: What kind of book is this?

Before you begin writing your book, it’s important to know what kind of book you’re writing. Is it horror, sci-fi, fantasy, romantasy, literary fiction, etc.?

It’s important to know the nature of your book to help you and others understand how it fits into genre categories and thus the marketplace. If you care about such things, that is. No judgement from me if you don’t, as I often don’t think of the marketplace at all. But trust me when I say your life as a writer will be easier if you do consider the marketplace before you start writing.

If you don’t like writing to genre categories, you can always mix things up a little and create a hybrid. Romantasy came out of the fantasy and romance genres, after all, and it’s the biggest thing in publishing right now — maybe even ever.

Once you have the basic genre established in your mind, you need to consider the book’s form, its defining structural or stylistic feature. Here’s a quick overview of some of the more popular ones and more or less contemporary examples.

Quest

A hero or group of heroes pursue a specific goal, overcoming obstacles to achieve the goal.

  • Lord of the Rings by JRR Tolkien

Picaresque

A roguish, lower-class protagonist moves through society in an episodic manner.

  • The Blacktongue Thief by Christopher Buehlman

Epistolary

A tale told through letters, diary entries and other documents.

  • This Is How You Lose the Time War by Amal El-Mohtar and Max Gladstone

Bildungsroman

A coming of age tale, often with moral development.

  • His Dark Materials series by Philip Pullman

Kunstlerroman

A chronicle of the development of an artist.

  • A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man by James Joyce

Unreliable Narrator

A tale told from the POV of a character that cannot be trusted.

  • Gone Girl by Gillian Flynn

Story Within a Story

A tale that is often about storytelling itself because of its very nature.

  • Invisible Cities by Italo Calvino

Historical Fiction

A tale set in a carefully researched past, often meant to highlight issues in the present day.

  • Libra by Don De Lillo

Gothic

A story set in an atmosphere of dread and decay with supernatural overtones.

  • Crucible of Chaos by Sebastien de Castell

Dystopia

An imagined society used to critique the present or at least present trends.

  • The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood

Metafiction

A tale that draws attention to its own fictionality, often to mediate on creativity but sometimes to critique social or cultural issues.

  • If on a Winter’s Night a Traveller by Italo Calvino

Satire

A comic tale, often dark, meant to mock or critique some element of society or current trends.

  • Catch-22 by Joseph Heller

There are many more forms of novel than this, of course. And writers often combine different forms and structures to create innovative new works and entirely new structures. But it’s important to have an understanding of the classics before you set out so you can have a vision for your own work.

Remember, you are entering a literary conversation of the ages! Make sure you understand the language first.

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We tell ourselves stories to imagine a different world

Have you been turning away from the world of late and finding sanctuary in books or other forms of art? If so, you’re hardly alone.

The publishing world has seen a boom in the fantasy genre, as readers seek escape from the present times where we find ourselves increasingly powerless before tech autocrats and self-serving politicians who want to destroy the existing order and rob us all of the meagre lives and agency it has brought us. At least in fantasy novels individuals have a chance of changing the world and good can actually win out over evil. Escapism yes, but perhaps inspirational escapism.

I’ve been particularly drawn to urban fantasy because of the way it transforms the existing world into one with magic and mystery. Urban fantasy re-injects wonder into our world — and we are seriously lacking in wonder at the present moment. We need something that can transcend this miserable existence but also change it, in the imagination if nowhere else. The magic of urban fantasy promises the re-enchantment of the mundane.

It’s why I focused on the act of creativity as magical and mysterious in my most recent book, The Wonder Lands War. Books become portals to other realms in The Wonder Lands War, with Lewis Carroll’s Wonderland tales acting as gateways into the imagination itself (among other places). Libraries are secret bastions of power while librarians are not so secret magicians. And paintings, sculptures and books offer keys to immortality and escaping death.

Of course, I’m not the only one who sees something magical in creativity.

The poet William Blake saw the imagination as the remnants of divinity in our soul, a sort of personal connection to a spiritual realm. The more contemporary poet Christian Wiman says in He Held Radical Light that “there is a persistent, insistent mystery at the center of our existence, which art both derives from and sustains.”

And musician, writer and 21st century theologian of sorts Nick Cave discusses a similar conjunction of creativity and transcendent mystery in Faith, Hope and Carnage with journalist Sean O’Hagan, where he says “You have to operate, at least some of the time, in the world of mystery, beneath that great and terrifying cloud of artistic unknowing.” To Cave, the creative impulse is a spectral or perhaps transcendent force that calls creators to follow it rather than the other way around.

These acts of the imagination manifest themselves in the real world in the form of artistic creations and provide knowledge and comfort. There is a reason so many of us seek solace in bookstores and libraries, in art galleries and museums. One of my favourite literary moments is in Roger Zelazny’s Nine Princes in Amber, where the protagonist Corwin reflects on the magical power of libraries, where he feels “comfortable and secure to have walls of words, beautiful and wise, all around me. I always feel better when I can see that there is something to hold back the shadows.”

The reference to shadows takes on extra resonance in the Amber books given they form sort of a multiverse series with different realities being shadows of the one true realm, Amber, which was carved out of the chaos through an act of creation. Corwin’s father created the Pattern, a magical shape that gives order to Amber and thus existence, but the farther you get away from this act of creation, the more threatening the shadows become — until eventually you reach the Courts of Chaos.

Similarly, the paintings of Quint Buchholz see the world of the imagination as real as our own, often using books as vehicles to move between these realms – to suggest they are both equally as real.

And are they not?

Umberto Eco argues creativity is the foundation of our very civilization, with books being the building blocks of our world.

“Literature creates a sense of identity and community,” he says in On Literature. “We might also think of what Greek civilization would have been like without Homer, German identity without Luther’s translation of the Bible, the Russian language without Pushkin, or Indian civilization without its foundation epics.”

The real world is made up of a history of acts of the imagination then. “A text is meant to be an experience of transformation for its reader,” Eco says in The Name of the Rose, but texts also transform the world itself.

Is it any wonder then that literary characters often take on a life of their own in our world? See, for instance, Timothy Findley’s Headhunter, where Kurtz is freed from Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness in Toronto. Or The Unlikely Escape of Uriah Heep by HG Parry, where someone is pulling literary characters from books and into our world.

I feel so strongly that some characters have developed their own life that I gave them just such a life in my Cross books, which are set in the modern world. Alice from the Wonderland tales, Frankenstein’s creature from Mary Shelley’s tale, Ahab from Melville’s Moby-Dick, Captain Nemo from Jules Verne’s 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea and more make appearances in the world we find ourselves in — and hopefully add a little more magic and wonder to our world.

“We tell ourselves stories in order to live,” Cave says.

We also tell ourselves stories in order to live in a different world.

Image: Man on a Ladder by Quint Buchholz

My Favourite Bit of The Wonder Lands War

What if your favourite places from books, paintings and other works of art were real?

I’m over at Mary Robinette Kowal’s site talking about My Favourite Bit of The Wonder Lands War, which features the immortal rogue Cross trying to find the Wonder Lands — the faerie realm that inspired the Alice in Wonderland tales — so he can save Alice from a rogue group of angels.

The Wonder Lands War is a descent into a literary rabbit hole, where I try to capture the spirit of the original Wonderland books and meld it with the Cross universe. While Cross’s quest takes him to many fascinating places — magical libraries with supernatural librarians, a Venetian island of murderous and undying priests, a secret tomb for an angel within the Vatican — my favourite place in the book is the Wonder Lands, which are more dangerous than their literary counterpart.” 


The Write Life: Write wonder

Every writer hears the advice “write what you know” at some point or another because it’s useful advice. Writing what you know inserts authenticity into your work, to say nothing of confidence. It’s particularly valuable advice if you’re writing in a genre where people may be intrigued by what you know – a doctor writing medical thrillers, a forensics expert writing mysteries, a biologist writing sci-fi and so on.

Writing what you know can come with its own limitations, though. If you’re restricting your subject matter to your own experience or even just your own point of view, you’re shutting out most of the world from your work. Even worse, you’re closing down an endless universe of imagination.

Write what you know, sure. But above all, write wonder.

Write about the things that cause wonder in you. This will keep you interested in your work, which matters more than most writing advice acknowledges. Your exploration of ideas will make it more compelling to readers if it hooks your own imagination. You have to be curious about your own writing and enjoy its journey. If you’re not feeling wonder at the tale, then how can the reader?

You must also write to cause wonder in others. Write about those universal subjects that capture all our imaginations, the things that transform us and send each of us off on our own journeys. Make the reader think, make them experience. They don’t all have to experience the same things and perhaps it’s best they don’t. But make them feel something.

Remember that a book is not just a stand-alone object. It is part of a broader conversation of ideas, characters, worlds and experiences. When a reader finishes your book and something in it stays with them, that’s the book joining the ongoing conversation of all that’s ever been written. You’re not just making a product here. You’re adding your voice to something much larger than yourself.

Write what you know but don’t stop there.

Write into the unknown. Write the question you don’t know the answer to. Write the world you haven’t visited yet.

Write wonder.

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The Write Life: How’s your focus?

You have an idea for your new book or story, you’ve figured out the genre, you’ve created an outline, you’re sitting at your desk ready to go… now what?

Maybe make some coffee and respond to those emails so your mind is clear before you start typing? Or take one last scan of the news so you know whether your new work is completely out of touch or not? Or clean your home? Or or or….

Before you actually start writing, you need to create an environment where you can focus on the writing and nothing else. Actually, you’re going to need to create a few environments.

First, protect your physical space from distractions. Lock yourself in a room alone if you are able. Put a “do not disturb” or “ask someone else” sign on the door. I know a writer who puts a sign on her office door that simply says “no.” Close the blinds if the world outside is too distracting. Turn music off or on for the same reasons. Block time on your calendars so no one interrupts you. In short, make sure there is nothing in your physical world pulling you away from your writing world.

Next, find ways to prevent digital distractions. They are particularly challenging as most apps and services are designed to compete for your attention so you check in multiple times a day. This constant stimulation is kryptonite for your focus. Turn on your devices’ Do Not Disturb options and use website blockers if you can’t resist temptation. (No judgement – we’ve all been there.) Some writers I know only write on devices not connected to the Internet to manage this. Others use different methodologies such as the Pomodoro technique, where you use a timer to write for 25 minutes, take a short break, then write for another 25 minutes. There are lots of apps out there that will help break your addiction to other apps in this way.

Embrace digital minimalism. Audit your apps regularly and remove everything that doesn’t serve your goals and distracts you from writing. Too often we end up serving the apps rather than the other way around, so it’s good to check in on your relationships with your apps from time to time. Cal Newport has a pretty good book on this called Digital Minimalism that every writer should read.

Now that you’ve removed distractions as much as possible, try to write at the same time every day for the same amount of time. Write in the same place if that works for you, or change it up if you’re more the type that needs a bit of variety. A habit like this will reinforce itself over time and gradually become unconscious.

All of these actions are designed to get you into the flow state, where the writing just happens. It does take work and structure, though. Like meditation, this clarity of mind doesn’t come naturally but requires a lot of practice.

Save the “shallow work” for the end of the day or for scheduled breaks. (Cal Newport identifies a useful distinction between deep work such as writing and shallow work such as responding to emails, paying bills, etc. Check out his book Deep Work for more on this.)

End the workday with something that allows you to easily slip back into focus state the next day. For instance, end halfway through a chapter where you are excited to write the next scene. This will make it easier to sit down and start writing again.

Your focus is like a muscle. The more you regularly train it, the stronger it will get.

Now stop reading this and get back to writing.

Related

“Be the creative spark that lights up the world”

I’m over at On Creative Writing talking about pantsing vs. plotting, the editing process and why everyone’s voice matters.

Bonus: There’s a preview of the cover for my new book out in October.

The Write Life: Support your community

Now more than ever it’s time to support your community. It’s become clear that without active support, many of the communities we love and see ourselves as belonging to may wither and fade away. This is especially important for writers and other creators, whose communities are tenuous at the best of times.

How best to support your writing community?

Read, read, read. Read widely and deeply — and make an effort to read those writers who aren’t constantly in the spotlight. There are many fine writers whose works get overlooked because they are with smaller publishers that can’t afford a lot of marketing or who simply aren’t interested in self-promotion or social media. Go to the websites of smaller publishers in your country or writing/reading niche and see who they are publishing. You’d be surprised at how many writers you find who have fallen off your radar but you actually want to read. This is especially true if you live outside of the U.S. because, let’s face it, American publishing tends to dominate the cultural conversation. Hey, some of my favourite writers are American but I like a bit of variety!

Tell writers you like or appreciate their work. I can’t tell you how many times this has mattered to me when I’ve felt like giving up on a project and lighting my computer on fire. A well-timed social media post or email can mean the difference between a writer finishing their next work or not. We tend to work in isolation, after all, and the feedback we get tends to be spaced at very long and irregular intervals. Much like royalty payments! I can’t speak for other writers, but a generous comment here and there has meant as much to me as a positive review somewhere. I’ve even made some lasting friendships out of people reaching out to me!

Speaking of reviews, share the love for your favourite books. As fewer books are being reviewed in the media, personal recommendations matter more than ever. A review doesn’t have to be a carefully crafted BookTok video. It can be a few lines on your review platform of choice, or a simple photo post on your preferred social media platform. Don’t forget to tag the author to make their day and help them share your post! (But for the love of all the gods, don’t tag authors in negative reviews. That is not helpful!)

If you can’t leave a review, please consider leaving a rating. For better or worse, we live in an algorithmic world and ratings matter to a writer’s career. Every rating you leave on Goodreads, Amazon, Indigo, wherever actually does make a small difference to getting an author shown to potential readers, and it takes very little time to click on a star.

For what it’s worth, I think star ratings for books and other cultural works is madness. They’re not blenders (although my books have been called genre blenders!). I just give everything I read and like five stars because it’s all a matter of personal taste anyway. It’s the best I can do until someone comes up with a better system. Like maybe the number of times parts of a book have been highlighted and bookmarked….

Subscribe to the magazines that publish writing you like. This is a really simple one. If people don’t subscribe, then those magazines will cease to publish and there won’t be writing you like. It’s the same as buying books. Without a supportive community, there is no culture.

Most magazines can be found on Patreon these days, which makes it pretty easy to subscribe to them, and digital subscriptions are usually quite affordable. As a bonus feature, many magazines offer specialized communities to their subscribers in the form of Discord groups. So you’re getting twice the community for the price of one subscription!

Get out in person to events if you can. Go to the writers’ festivals, the reading series, the book launches, the conventions, and so on. If there aren’t in your area, then consider starting some. Join a writing group and use it for more than writing. (My writing group mostly plays games these days.) The same goes for book clubs. We’re social and physical creatures, and nothing builds community like presence. Most of my best and enduring friendships have been because of real-world events like this. 

Once again, read, read, read!

The Write Life: You can’t do it alone

Writers are probably the most antisocial people around. After all, our ideal state is to be locked alone in a room all day, trying to convince imaginary people to do what we want them to do. Most days we’d rather read about other imaginary people than leave our homes to meet real people. If you’re a writer, you’re probably nodding in agreement at this point.

There is nothing more important to writers than community, though. In fact, I think building or joining a community is where the writing starts. I never would have become a published author if not for the university writing group I joined, which for the first time introduced me to editorial feedback, other perspectives on writing, revisions and writing to deadline. That writing group became some of my closest friends, and those friendships persist today even though we are scattered across the continent. (I swear they’re not all trying to avoid me.)

The value of finding like-minded people cannot be overstated. Did I say value? More like critical need. Without such a network, you are in a void when you start out, and you will be writing into the void. A community gives you an audience, gives you affirmation that what you are doing is worthwhile and necessary, gives you a path of development.

Of course, not everyone can find a local community. And there’s something to be said for joining online communities even if you do have a writing group that meets in person. Your writing community can never be too large. Or perhaps you need more than one community to fill all your needs. I contain multitudes and all that.

I have a local community in my area that has helped a great deal with improving my writing over the last few years. Hell, I likely wouldn’t have written anything without them. I was going through a hard time in my personal life, and writing would have been the last thing on my mind if not for my community. As it turned out, that writing group was what kept me sane and motivated during some crazy times. If not for the accountability of writing to hit the group’s deadlines, collaborating in some writing sprints, etc., I don’t know what would have happened.

We’ve mostly moved the group online to a dedicated Discord server but still meet in person once a month for games nights. And I’ve joined other groups to meet the needs they can’t fulfill — a different writing group for other projects, Codex and SFWA for writing and market chats, and a few private Patreon groups linked to magazines. All those communities help keep me immersed in a culture of inspiration and creation, which is half the battle right there when it comes to writing. And most of the battle when it comes to procrastination.

So what makes for a good community?

Make sure you find or create a community that actually helps you contribute to your development. That development can be different things at different stages of your life. It could simply be having readers and deadlines for accountability to keep you writing, or it could be beta readers to help polish your book for publication, or it could be agents who can connect you with markets. It could just be a group of writers talking different theories of writing. My writing group spent time studying Save the Cat, the hero’s journey and the heroine’s journey, and various Masterclasses.

Whatever it is that you need to become a better writer, you’ll find that a writing community will better help you achieve your goals. And hopefully keep you sane in the process! Well, as sane as a writer can be….

The Write Life: Make your desk a happy space

Some time ago I was struggling to get any writing done and didn’t know how to get past it. My publishing career wasn’t going well, I had a number of personal issues that were disrupting my focus and writing felt like work rather than the thing that brought me joy. I was basically avoiding my desk because it wasn’t a happy space. The situation was unsustainable and I knew I had to rethink what I was doing. In short, I felt like almost every other writer.

I took a break to just read for a while, as one does in such moments, as reading may be the only acceptable form of procrastination. I happened to reread Atomic Habits by James Clear, and his thoughts on the importance of well-running systems suddenly resonated with me. Clear says goals are great for creating direction but ultimately unachievable if you don’t also have a good system for making progress. Every writer I know will see the wisdom in this.

“When you fall in love with the process rather than the product, you don’t have to wait to give yourself permission to be happy,” Clear says. “You can be satisfied anytime your system is running. And a system can be successful in many different forms, not just the one you first envision.”

I realized what I was lacking was a happiness system for my writing, which meant I wasn’t really able to achieve any of my goals because I couldn’t stick to the process properly. So I set about to change that, starting with my desk. The desk in my office was where I had been doing everything — my work for my day job, paying my bills, doomscrolling, checking my email and my writing. So it was a place of constantly conflicted feelings, with endless distractions to my focus. I decided to make it purely a creative space dedicated to my writing. Archaic perhaps, like buying a record player to listen to music, but sometimes there’s value in returning to the old ways. (Although I draw the line at chicken pox parties.)

First, I moved everything not related to my writing out of my office. I now do the work for my day job in a separate room, I keep up with the news on my phone rather than my writing computer, I don’t bother paying bills anymore, and so on.

Once I had cleared my desk of work, I redecorated it with things that made me happy to look at. I’ve long been a Dungeons & Dragons enthusiast (I’m a writer, remember?), so I framed some D&D postcards and put them on my desk. Just looking at them puts me in a good mood. I added a model of a Tintin rocket because Explorers on the Moon sparked my imagination as a child and I’ve never really grown up. My coffee mug coaster is a map from Lord of the Rings. My ReLit Award ring is always handy as a pick-me-up when I’m feeling down. I’m adding little things here and there that spark joy.

Now when I sit at my desk, I’m automatically put into a happy mood by the items on it. That makes me more willing to spend time at my desk, and the more time I spend there the more writing I get done. Sure, everyone else complains I’ve become a hermit — but I’m a happy, productive hermit!

So one of my most important pieces of advice to other writers is to create a happiness system — and start with a happy desk.

The Write Life: You need a second brain

If there’s one thing every writer needs, it’s a second brain.

No, I don’t mean a brain in a jar — although I’m sure there are some writers out there who have just such a thing decorating their office. Hey, no judgement from me.

I mean an external system for collecting and organizing all the information in your life — in other words, the things your real brain isn’t that great at remembering. Like editor’s notes and deadlines. In the past maybe that was post-it notes decorating every inch of the walls of your writing space like some mad person arguing with imaginary people — aka a writer. Or perhaps it was something more sane, like a commonplace book. These days, for better or worse, it tends to be an app.

Why do you need a second brain when the whole point of writing is to create something out of your imagination? Because it’s nearly impossible to keep track of every idea and element that goes into creating a written work without it. How many scribbled notes to yourself have you forgotten in a pocket or lost on transit, to be found by some other aspiring writer who will then turn it into a bestseller? How many inspiring articles have you emailed to yourself only to lose them somewhere in the depths of your inbox, where a Lovecraftian AI is slowly using them to achieve sentience? How many times have you forgotten what happens next in the outline of your story when those imaginary people refuse to do what you tell them? Our real brains are great at processing information — oh no, here comes a horde of zombies! — but not so good at retaining it. Cue the second brain.

Thankfully, there are a number of apps out there that are of immense value to writers and other people with more productive lives. I use Notion to create mini-wikis for my writing projects where I collect ideas, outlines, character profiles, settings, general notes, divine/infernal visions and so on. I also use it to organize my reading lists and keep track of my publications — published, pending, in progress, weird monstrosities, etc. Notion has a very simple and clean interface but is infinitely customizable once you get the hang of it, which I am sure to do one day. Other writers use Ulysses or Scrivener, while more generalist apps such as Evernote, Asana and Obsidian can also serve well as second brains (although they lack the literary names of the others I mentioned).

It doesn’t matter what system you use as long as you develop a second brain to help keep yourself organized. Your real brain will thank you once it realizes it no longer has to futilely attempt to keep track of things and can now focus on creating. And procrastinating.

And yes, I originally created this post in my second brain.